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Over the last decade, there has been significant progress in understanding fundamental processes that make calorimeters work, and several successful prototypes have been tested to confirm these new ideas. Traditionally, EM and HAD compartments are thought to be separate and are often optimized individually. However, it is possible to optimize a combined system for myriad physics objectives. By employing event-by-event compensation afforded by the dual-readout technique, we have shown that excellent jet performance can be attained with a longitudinally unsegmented calorimeter that is calibrated with electrons. In addition, the linear hadronic energy scale renders complex off-line correction schemes unnecessary. The dual-readout technique is not limited to fiber calorimeters but can be applied to any calorimeter system that provides separate, or separable, signals for scintillation (dE/dx) and Cherenkov (bremsstrahlung and pair production) radiation. Dr. Akchurin will describe the recent results and an application, Combined Forward Calorimeter (CFC), as a possible Phase II upgrade option for the endcap region in the CMS experiment.

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